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A cash flow hedge is a hedge of the exposure to variability in cash flows attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability or a component thereof. It covers future interest payments on variable-rate debt. It also covers a highly probable forecast transaction. The requirement is that such cash flows should affect the profit and loss account.

As per the new requirements, hedge accounting cannot be voluntarily discontinued. Hedge accounting can be discontinued only if the hedge effectiveness requirements are not met or that the hedging instrument is liquidated. Even when the hedge effectiveness requirements are not met, the entity should adjust the hedge ratio through the process of rebalancing and continue with hedge accounting so long as the hedging relationship continues to meet the risk management objectives of the enterprise.

An entity shall apply the disclosure requirements for those risk exposures that an entity hedges and for which it elects to apply hedge accounting. Hedge accounting disclosures shall provide information about:

To calculate the change in the value of the hedged item for the purpose of measuring hedge ineffectiveness, an entity may use a derivative that would have terms that match the critical terms of the hedged item (this is commonly referred to as a ‘hypothetical derivative’), and, for example, for a hedge of a forecast transaction, would be calibrated using the hedged price (or rate) level.

If a component of the cash flows of a financial or a non-financial item is designated as the hedged item, that component must be less than or equal to the total cash flows of the entire item. However, all of the cash flows of the entire item may be designated as the hedged item and hedged for only one particular risk (for example, only for those changes that are attributable to changes in LIBOR or a benchmark commodity price).

A cash flow hedge is a hedge of the exposure to variability in cash flows attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability or a component thereof. It covers future interest payments on variable-rate debt. It also covers a highly probable forecast transaction. The requirement is that such cash flows should affect the profit and loss account.

The previous conversion of IFRS 9, viz, IAS 39 did not allow a net position to be hedged. However, for several group companies, it is a normal practice for the risks to be transferred to one central business unit within the enterprise and take hedging position on a net basis. The risks transferred to the central business unit usually off sets one another’s risk. This enables the entity to reduce the transaction cost and also minimise the counter party credit risk. Ind AS 109 effectively allows hedging on the basis of net position for fair value hedge and for cash …

As per Ind AS 21, net investment in any foreign operation is the amount of the reporting entity’s interest in the net asset of that operation. Such foreign operations may be subsidiaries, associates, joint ventures or branches. Ind AS 21 requires an entity to determine the functional currency of each of its foreign operations as the currency of the primary economic environment of that operation. When translating the results and financial position of a foreign operation into a presentation currency, the entity is required to recognise foreign exchange differences in other comprehensive income until the foreign operation is disposed off.

Hedge accounting is applicable only to the foreign exchange differences arising between the functional currency of the foreign operation and the parent entity’s functional currency. It is not applicable for translation differences arising on account of presentation currency.

Entity A is the Parent having INR as its functional currency. Subsidiary B has Euro as its functional currency. Subsidiary C has GBP as its functional currency and the functional currency of Subsidiary D is USD. Subsidiary B has ECB amounting to $ 50 million. The following diagram best illustrates the hierarchy with corresponding investments in the subsidiary entities.